Fusing glass supplies, beadmaking, art glass and marbles. |
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Firing chart for glass
fusing.
Bullseye Firing Chart from
manufacturer
HEATING The two primary concerns on heating are 1) avoiding thermal shock and 2) preventing devitrification. Thermal shock - breakage due to excessive heat differential within the glass body - can be prevented by a slow rate of heating below the strain point. Devitrification - a crystalline scum on the glass surface - is rarely a problem with Bullseye glasses manufactured in recent years. Using an overglaze or rapidly heating the glass through that temperature range where devitrification may occur (1300 ° - 1400 ° F) will prevent it. The following chart is a rough schedule for heating Bullseye glasses. It assumes a first time firing in which none of the individual pieces of glass in the lay-up is greater than 25% of the total glass mass. It further assumes a kiln with top-firing elements. For a top-fired slumping of a pre-fused piece, double the initial heating times. For a side-fired slumping of a pre-fused piece, increase the initial heating by at least 2.5 times.
** AFAP = As fast as possible *Most kilns will not cool this rapidly due to residual heat in the refractories. Allowing the kiln to cool at its own rate between 750 ° F and room temperature is usually adequate for the final cooling stage. This may result in an actual cooling rate slower than that shown above. Cooling the work by opening the kiln door or large vent hole, however, risks thermal shock.
If you are having problems
with bubbles, try slowing the rate of heating up to full
fuse. Inserting a half-hour soak at 1250 ° F may also help
"squeeze" air from between the glass pieces before the
edges seal and trap bubbles.
A "full fuse" - generally
considered to have occurred when the surface of the glass
is completely smooth and free of bumps - is dependent on
both temperature and time. Some kilns will achieve a full
fuse of Bullseye at 1450 ° F with a 45 minute soak. The
same kiln may achieve full fuse with a much shorter (5
minutes or less) soak when taken to 1540 ° F. At the
factory we typically program a full fuse at 1500 ° F with a
10 minute soak.
Glass lay-ups of this size
(12" diameter) which are less than 1/4" thick should not be
taken to a full fusing temperature. They will distort in
shape and are extremely prone to bubbles. They may,
however, be successfully slumped to a shallow depth or tack
fused at ~1375 ° F. See Note (A, SLUMP FIRINGS)
above.
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